Introduction: Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is a rare inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which generally affecting the spinal cord and optic nerve. Damage to the optic nerve can result in the patient's dim vision or even blindness, while the spinal cord damage may lead to sensory and motor paralysis and the weakness of the lower limbs in the patient. Magnetic Reson...

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common non-traumatic neurological diseases of young adults. MS often reported during ages 20-62. MS affects the various anatomical parts of the central nervous system. Up to 65% of multiple sclerosis patients MS patients suffer from various problems, such as fatigue, depression, pain and sleep disorders. Unlike MRI, that only sh...

background: chronic daily headache (cdh) has gained little attention in functional neuro-imaging. when no structural abnormality is found in cdh, defining functional correlates between activated brain regions during headache bouts may provide unique insights towards understanding the pathophysiology of this type of headache. methods: we recruited four cdh cases for comprehensive assessments, in...

Ginsenoside F1 is a biologically active compound identified potential from Korean Panax ginseng Meyer. In the present study, the potential targets of ginsenoside F1 were investigated by computational target fishing approaches including ADMET prediction, biological activity prediction from chemical structure, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics methods. Results were suggested to express th...

Ginsenoside F1 is a biologically active compound identified potential from Korean Panax ginseng Meyer. In the present study, the potential targets of ginsenoside F1 were investigated by computational target fishing approaches including ADMET prediction, biological activity prediction from chemical structure, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics methods. Results were suggested to express th...

background: the ventral tegmental area (vta) is well known for its role in cardiovascular control. it is demonstrated that about 20-30% of the vta neurons are gabaergic though their role in cardiovascular control is not yet understood. this study is carried out to find the effects of gaba a and gaba b receptors on cardiovascular response of the vta. methods: experiments were performed on uretha...

Background: The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is well known for its role in cardiovascular control. It is demonstrated that about 20-30% of the VTA neurons are GABAergic though their role in cardiovascular control is not yet understood. This study is carried out to find the effects of GABA A and GABA B receptors on cardiovascular response of the VTA. Methods: Experiments were performed on uretha...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Evidence in multiple tissues, including retina, suggests generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ensuing oxidative stress as triggers for mitochondrial defects and cell apoptosis. We recently reported novel roles for Tiam1-Rac1-Nox2 axis in retinal mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death leading to the development of diabetic retinopathy. Herein, we tested the hypot...